Minimizing soil tillage is important because tilling breaks up little soil aggregates, or small clumps of soil, that microbes create. These aggregates create pockets of air within the soil that give the soil “structure” and allows water to infiltrate. They also help to retain water within the soil for longer, acting in a similar way to perlite. Mulching the soil surface enhances water retention while keeping soil temperatures low, reducing evaporation and creating a more hospitable environment for microbial life. All that is to say that tilling less and keeping soil covered leads to less water use, better soil structure and cooler soil temperatures, i.e. happy plants!